11:6 with the lamb. In the original creation, all animals were herbivorous (Genesis 1:30), and these conditions will be restored in the coming kingdom age, when Christ returns.

11:8 cockatrice. This old English word referred to a legendary serpent hatched from a cock’s egg, but the Hebrew word could mean any poisonous viper or adder.

11:9 not hurt nor destroy. Even carnivorous animals can, if necessary, survive on herbivorous diets, as they were originally created to do. In the age to come, environmental conditions and plant nutrients will be so changed as to implement this practice once again, and there will be no more bloodshed, in nature, even among the animals.

11:10 root of Jesse. See note on Isaiah 11:1.