5:8 children of light. A number of beautiful metaphors are used in the Bible to apply to those who have become “children of God” (I John 3:10) by the new birth. They are “children of the day” (I Thessalonians 5:5), “children of the kingdom” (Matthew 13:38), and children of wisdom (Matthew 11:19), among others. In contrast, note also the metaphors applied to the “children of wrath” (see note on Ephesians 2:3).

5:9 fruit of the Spirit. Compare Galatians 5:22-23. “Goodness and righteousness and truth” are outward evidences of “love, joy, peace,”…etc.